ABSTRACT
Today, the emergence of antimicrobial resistance against conventional antibiotics is increasing. Many researchers consider plants with antimicrobial properties as a good alternative. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of Ajuga chamaecistus Ging. Subsp. Scoparia [Bioss] Rech. f. on 8 bacterial strains was investigated. The leaf extract was prepared by methanolic maceration. The concentrated, dried extract was fractionated by different solvents including petroleum ether, dichloro methane, and ethyl acetate. Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] of crude extract was performed using agar dilution method. Disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial assay of different fractions. Then, the chemical constituents of the most effective fraction were separated on thin-layer chromatography [TLC] plates. Then, the prepared chromatograms were analyzed using immersion bioautography. According to disk diffusion method, ethyl acetate fraction had stronger antibacterial activity against all tested bacteria. Bioautography of this fraction showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus in R[f] = 0.9. However, all tested bacteria had inhibition spots in the site of fraction loading. Antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fraction will appear if all components are used together
ABSTRACT
Type 1 diabetes is the most common metabolic disease worldwide. Thyroid autoimmune diseases is the most common endocrinopathy in diabetes type 1. Therefore, assessment of thyroid function tests and anti thyroid antibodies in diabetic patients [type 1] is beneficial in early. The purpose of this study was to compare the anti-thyroid antibodies in diabetic children [type 1] with healthy children. In this descriptive-analytic study, 65 children with Type 1 diabetes and 65 healthy children who had referred to Children's Hospital in Qazvin were selected by simple sampling. Anti-TG, Anti-TPO, TSH and T4 were measured in both groups. Chi-square, t-independent and Kruskal Valis was used for statistical analysis. The difference between sex and age in both groups [case and control] was not significant but BMI percentile was significantly different. Positive Anti-TG was 10.8% in patients and was 1.5% in controls. The difference was statistically significant [p=0.029]. 16.9% of patients and 3.1% of controls had positive Anti-TPO [p=0.024]. 10.8% of patients had increased TSH and decreased T4 level [Overt Hypthyroidism]. 4.6% of controls had increased TSH and decreased T4 level [Subclinical Hypothyroidism]. The difference was statistically significant for T4. It seems that the prevalence of Hashimoto thyroiditis in patients with type 1 diabetes is more than healthy people. Hence, evaluation of thyroid function tests [TFT] and antithyroid antibodies [Anti-TPO] is necessary to diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune thyroid disorders
Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 , Immunoglobulins, Thyroid-Stimulating , Autoantibodies , Thyroid Function TestsABSTRACT
Congenital hypothyroidism [CH] is one of the most common endocrine disorders in children and a preventable cause of mental retardation. Treatment with thyroid hormones must be initiated before the fourth week after birth to avoid irreversible CH complications. Study conducted to determine the prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism in newborns in Qazvin province in 2006 to 2008. This cross-sectional study was conducted based on data collected through the Neonatal CH Screening Project in Qazvin Province during two years between March 2006 and March 2008. All newborns in rural and urban areas were screened at the third to fifth days of their lives. TSH concentration was tested by filter paper and ELISA. A total of 33488 neonates were screened. The coverage rates of screening in the first and second years and also the recall rates during the same period were 84%, 95%, 2.6%, and 3.2%, respectively. The incidence rate of hypothyroidism was one per 446 newborns [0.22%] in the first year and one per 447 newborns [0.22%] in second year. Among the neonates with hypothyroidism, 40%, 26.7%, and 33.3% were found to have TSH levels of 5-9.9, 10-19.9 and values > 20 mU/L, respectively. The Neonatal Screening Program for CH was shown to have a high caliber to be implemented as the first screening test for newborns at a nationwide level. This could provide a basis for better understanding and timely detection of CH and other metabolic diseases in the country